Il y a toujours eu quelque chose de particulier dans les relations entre les deux États voisins, ce qui permet d'élargir les points de contact et de réaliser des progrès communs. Les efforts des deux pays pour renforcer leurs liens sont maintenant entrés dans une nouvelle phase. La coopération bilatérale s'intensifie, notamment dans des domaines tels que la politique, l'économie, la coopération régionale et frontalière.
There has always been a special temperature in relations between the two neighboring states, which makes it possible to expand the points of contact and achieve joint progress. The countries' efforts to strengthen ties have now entered a new phase. The intensification of bilateral cooperation is taking place, including in such areas as politics, economics, regional and border cooperation.
Quelque temps s'est écoulé depuis la création, par le Ministère des Affaires Étrangères du Kazakhstan, de la KazAID (Agence de Développement International du Kazakhstan). De nombreuses discussions ont eu lieu à ce sujet sur les réseaux sociaux et dans les médias, de sorte que l'on peut véritablement débattre de sa nature et de son futur mode de fonctionnement.
Afghanistan has long been a modern backbone for international politics. There is no other country around which (more precisely, around which problems) such a developed system of global, regional, two-, three — and quadripartite dialogues are built. Dozens of intelligent people around the world are working on ways to resolve the «Afghan issue», and dissertations are being defended. Monographs on Afghan topics can be filled in several rooms of the library. Before the era of self-isolation, the fast and frequently used international conferences about Afghanistan were one of the drivers of the hotel, restaurant, catering, air travel industries, and everything related to the event business.
Afghanistan has long been a modern backbone for international politics. There is no other country around which (more precisely, around which problems) such a developed system of global, regional, two-, three — and quadripartite dialogues are built. Dozens of intelligent people around the world are working on ways to resolve the «Afghan issue», and dissertations are being defended. Monographs on Afghan topics can be filled in several rooms of the library. Before the era of self-isolation, the fast and frequently used international conferences about Afghanistan were one of the drivers of the hotel, restaurant, catering, air travel industries, and everything related to the event business. For some international organizations specializing in security, the «Afghan problem» served as the main justification for their activities. At the same time, which is very important, Afghanistan with its problems brought out international unity. At the UN, resolutions on Afghanistan are adopted with unanimity that is rare these days. The countries, whose views on the world are diametrically opposed, coincide in their approaches to solving the Afghan issue.
Winston Churchill once said: «Generals are always preparing for the last war.» His compatriot political scientist Martin White added: «And international organizations are always created to prevent the past war.» It is likely that the international system will soon begin to prepare for coronavirus pandemic prevention. And the vaccine for COVID-19 will appear when it mutates to the level of seasonal SARS.
En marge de la diplomatie conventionnelle, il existe toujours d’autres formes de relations par le biais desquelles la politique étrangère est mise en œuvre. Parmi elles, nous pouvons citer les opérations de type non militaire, comme celles de maintien de la paix, qui jouent un rôle essentiel. Certes, le Kazakhstan est relativement peu expérimenté en la matière, mais il peut être intéressant d’aborder ce qui a trait à celles-ci.
In addition to the classical diplomacy, there are always additional forms within which foreign policy is implemented. Among them, the non-military-type operations stand out, and already among those, peacekeeping operations play a key role. Of course, Kazakhstan has very little experience with it so far, but I think it will be interesting to provide an informational overview of everything that is connected with them.