nursultan: новости — страница 4

L'escalade du conflit politique entre Washington et Pékin sur les activités des laboratoires biologiques militaires se poursuit. Les reproches mutuels dans la création d'une souche Covid-19 modifiée dans les médias ne s'arrêtent pas maintenant une minute, et un représentant du ministère des Affaires étrangères de la RPC a même fait dimanche dernier une nouvelle déclaration officielle en réponse à l'attaque de Donald Trump selon laquelle l'infection s'est propagée dans le monde entier en raison de «l'incompétence quelques imbéciles en Chine. » Le Kazakhstan dans cette situation se trouve au centre de cette confrontation en raison de la présence des laboratoires biologiques militaires du Pentagone.

Winston Churchill once said: «Generals are always preparing for the last war.» His compatriot political scientist Martin White added: «And international organizations are always created to prevent the past war.» It is likely that the international system will soon begin to prepare for coronavirus pandemic prevention. And the vaccine for COVID-19 will appear when it mutates to the level of seasonal SARS.

Aujourd’hui, l’ancienne idéologie, vivement discutée par l’opinion publique il y a une quinzaine d’années, fait quasiment partie du passé. Il s’agit d’autoritarisme éclairé, qui a été mentionné pour la première fois, autant que je me souvienne, par l’homme et analyste politique français Alex Moskovich, le conseiller extérieur de Nursultan Nazarbaïev. A cette époque, la critique condamnait l’autoritarisme, mais la deuxième partie de l’équation, indispensable à sa compréhension, fut écartée du débat.   

Over the years of independence, Kazakhstan has initiated and participated in the creation of a number of international organizations, but none of them, perhaps, has caused such contradictory assessments as the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). The idea was originally proposed by Nursultan Nazarbayev in May 1994. Two years later, an Agreement was signed between Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Russia on deepening integration in the economic and humanitarian fields (Tajikistan then later joined the alliance of the four). An Integration Committee was created, headed by the First Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan Nigmatzhan Isingarin.

The anniversary of Nursultan Nazarbayev is a good reason to remember why he successfully ruled the country for three decades. Kazakhstan is one of the few post-Soviet states that has escaped interethnic conflicts, military confrontations, social cataclysms, while Nazarbayev himself is one of the few politicians who, during the entire period of his presidency, did not have a worthy alternative.

Today, when there is time to assess the amount of work done, it is very easy to talk about how and what could have been done better. Young people, who have grown up in recent decades, often go to extremes when talking about the actions of Nursultan Nazarbayev.

What has the last year shown? To what extent the first president is involved in the active social and political life of Kazakhstan now?

There has been a certain evolution of relationships. Still, in Kazakhstan such a model — the presence of two presidents — was not applied, and some issues, even taking into account the experience and diplomacy of the two presidents, were worked out on the fly.

If at first the First President stepped aside, then, starting from the summer of last year, he became more active and indicated his presence, while demonstratively not pushing his powers.

Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, having become the President of Kazakhstan after a landslide election victory a year ago, and recently returned from Moscow, where at the invitation of President Vladimir Putin he participated in a parade to mark the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, gave an interview to the popular newspaper Ana Tili (Native language).

The interview reflected a wide range of issues of global and internal political nature, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the modern system of international relations and country governance, reforming the political, economic and social spheres, as well as the role of the state language, cultural code and philosophical views of the Kazakh people and their relationship with current trends in world development.

Nowadays, the old ideology, which was vigorously discussed by the public opinion of the country one and a half decades ago, has already been partially forgotten. It is about the enlightened authoritarianism, which was first mentioned by, if my memory serves right, French politician and political analyst Alex Moskovich, the external adviser of Nursultan Nazarbaev. At the time critics condemned authoritarianism, but the second part of the equation, without which it did not hold a meaning, was left outside of the discussion.  

The strategic Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) of China has a truly global significance and far-reaching geopolitical implications. «Belt» is the «Economic Silk Road» that links China with the Eurasian continent, Africa and the Middle East by the road, railway lines and fiber-optic communication lines by land, while «Road» is «21st Century Maritime Silk Road» that links China with distant markets and raw materials of the area between Arctic and Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans by water.

亨利·基辛格（Henry Kissinger）曾經問過一個問題：«我應該打電話給誰與歐洲交談？»對這個問題沒有答案表明歐洲聯盟沒有決策中心。

如果今天有人對中亞提出同樣的問題，他也不會得到答复。沒有人可以代表該地區發言。

但是，中亞與歐洲不同，不會建立任何超國家結構。主權問題對於該地區所有州都非常重要，此外，它們有機會確保僅整合結構就無法確保真正的合作。在上個世紀90年代發起的，由哈薩克斯坦，吉爾吉斯斯坦，塔吉克斯坦和烏茲別克斯坦參與的區域一體化項目以失敗告終。中亞經濟共同體旨在逐步形成一個單一的經濟空間，它擁有堅實的法律框架（超過250個不同的協議），總統級別的州際理事會，總理理事會，外交部長和國防委員會以及作為永久性工作的執行委員會州際理事會的機構。但是，正如參與者自己最終認可的那樣，這些結構的有效性實際上為零。在2002年阿拉木圖的一次會議上，四個州的領導人承認整合項目失敗了。宣布中立政策的土庫曼斯坦原則上不參加此類項目。

哈萨克斯坦共和国第一任总统努尔苏丹纳扎尔巴耶夫（Nursultan Nazarbayev）庆祝了他的80岁生日。 尽管他在前苏联的郊区长大，可是他却带领哈萨克斯坦走向了21世纪的现代化，并且为全球性和地区性政治做出了巨大贡献。